Its a totally different time now. For all of Hollywood Shuffles biting satire, you wonder: did the industry really learn the lesson? So I did the shot list and said, OK, meet at my house at 5 oclock. A Year Later Many Companies Cant, or Wont. After studying improv in his native Chicago, including at Second City, Townsend moved to Los Angeles in the early 80s to pursue his dream of Hollywood stardom. Eventually, three others were promoted to captain and two of them became deputy chiefs. Ny MaGee is an entertainment reporter with over 15 years of experience working in the film industry in areas including production and post-production, marketing, distribution, and acquisitions. And hes being honest. Robert Townsend has an average body structure standing at a height of 5 feet and 11 inches tall (1.8m). So I think because I made a real honest statement on all sides. He is especially known for his eponymous self-titled character, Robert Peterson as the starring role as on . Townsend plays a struggling Black actor in Hollywood, auditioning for films that have him doing demeaning, stereotypical nonsense. He is the mastermind behind many of Hollywood's favorite and best-remembered movies and hit series. He was married to Cheri Jones and has three children with her. The Culper Spy Ring was a small group of men and women gathered in 1778 by a young cavalry officer named Benjamin Tallmadge from his hometown of Setauket, Long Island. The birth name of this Actor, Comedian, writer, and director is Robert Townsend. Back then, we had maybe one show. Would you do this? We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. He is popular for his commercially successful movies such as Hollywood Shuffle, Eddie Murphy Raw, and The Meteor Man. Its impact on independent film-making has been understated for far too long. He weighs about 75 kg. The film follows Bobby Taylor (Robert Townsend) an aspiring actor auditioning for the film Jivetime Jimmy's Revenge, a project that filters cartoonish street gangs through a white lens. I got mad. And so we have a screening for Eddie at a screening room in Burbank. After booking the role, Bobby experiences a crisis of conscience through several hilarious fantasy sequences and sketches. As a Hollywood Icon and humanitarian, Townsend's mission is to create quality programming for everyone to enjoy and to create a classic body of work that would be timeless. Actor, comedian and director Robert Townsend broke down doors for Black talent in the 1980s and '90s. Like the Rock combined with Kevin Hart combined with I dont even know who. He also created and starred in the WB Network's sitcom The Parent 'Hood which originally ran from January 1995 to July 1999. In another aside in the film, Bobby fantasizes about a casting call for an Eddie Murphy-type and wins the part upon arriving in blackface. No, I did not, he says. You cant say, You got to do whats on the page, Eddie. Eddies gonna be like, I could come up with better jokes.And so thats part of the dance. Townsend never went to film school, much less had shot or written anything. Can we play in this kind of sandbox and win? , noting that actors of all backgrounds later told him that they related to the scene. [7] He became interested in acting as a teenager. This guy is funny, he's black, chicks dig him, some guys dig him. Just funny people. Townsend was programming director at the Black Family Channel, but the network folded in 2007. Congratulations MHBS & business law team!! In 2023, the films commentary can feel slightly outdated, given that many of the stereotypical roles lambasted in the film (pimps, slaves, gangsters, sex workers) are now being embraced by Black actors. Robert Townsend (born February 6, 1957) is an American actor, director, comedian, and writer. As those men retired, there was no rush to replace them with other Black officers. The personal events that inspired Hollywood Shuffle, as well as the financial challenges Townsend encountered while making it, provide as much insight on the racial politics of the movie industry as its hilarious script. Townsend and comedian Keenan Ivory Wayans co-wrote Hollywood Shuffle, which centers on an aspiring actor (played by Townsend) who only lands auditions for stereotypical roles. With the aliases "Samuel Culper, Jr." and "723," Townsend operated in New York City and gathered information as a service to General George Washington. From a very young age, he was amazed at the television. I was telling Keenen, We can do this. Theres still a lot of discomfort online about the depiction of slaves and slave movies in general. The Best Movies and TV Shows Coming to Netflix, HBO, Amazon Prime, and Hulu in March, People Cant Stop Fighting Over the Politics of the, Read: The 75 Greatest Movies by Black Directors. Dont park your cars in front of my house. Oh shit. And then he gets to the part, What were looking for is an Eddie Murphy type. The room gets quiet and then Keenens head goes down. I have to find the way because its a different Hollywood now where we have a lot of Black creators in front and behind, so its a different time. The success of his first project helped him establish himself in the industry. They were reluctant to complain for fear of not getting backup when they needed it. Leave Russia? Well, Robert Townsend is a complicated guy. And I think weve got real trauma in real life. Spending his time watching and studying it, he began to practice by impersonating famous characters. After that Townsend could do no wrong. If its a fascinating story, Id do a movie about slaves, if it spoke to me on a different level, and I was saying something that no one had ever said. "Robert Townsend Article in Perspectives". Townsend has established himself as a preeminent development economist. The nickname is Robert Townsend. He wasnt gonna hear from actors, Hey, man, went on another audition where they wanted me to be you. I think there was a beautiful truth that he discovered. And that was very smart and satirical in a beautiful way., Hollywood Shuffle Stars and Director Talk Diversity in Hollywood, Give Props to Jordan Peele (EUR Exclusive! You just did it. It's a risky move in a town like Berkeley, yet Townsend is so genuine and modest, we immediately trust him. Park three blocks away from my house so my neighbors dont know whats going on.. We did say something.' But heres what I would say. Her hiring by Knoxville Police Chief Paul Noel to oversee professional standards is definitely a move in the right direction to help change the culture of the Knoxville Police Department. How collaborative was the process? Did Townsend know? Damon Wayans. Townsend later appeared in small parts in films like A Soldier's Story (1984), directed by Norman Jewison, and after its success garnered much more substantial parts in films like The Mighty Quinn (1989) with Denzel Washington.[9]. The family was descended from brothers John and Henry Townsend who had settled in Oyster Bay, New York, in 1661. "Here's a guy, what can I say about him? And then I would say, Ryan Coogler. And that was very smart and satirical in a beautiful way. It heralded Townsend as a multitalented star and indie film world darling, and established on-screen careers for co-stars Wayans (In Living Color), John Witherspoon (Friday), Anne-Marie Johnson (In the Heat of the Night) and even introduced Damon Wayans. Both had left the department before I was born, but I did know Theronie Smith, the widow of James Smith. Be well rehearsed. Can you laugh like Eddie? All of that stuff was real.. I came out of the theater, acting exercises and improv, so when I started to do Hollywood Shuffle, I took all of that experience with me. I need the leftover film. We got to make our own movies, man. As a longtime speaker for the United Negro College Fund and the NAACP, his concern for inner city youth takes him through out the country to inspire young people to follow their dreams. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. The oldest of the college Black fraternities, its ranks are a virtual who' I was definitely reminded of the absurdist humor in Atlanta when rewatching the film. But theres a wave that came, and those are some really strong actors. We planted a seed with Hollywood Shuffle. Townsend had a trial a year ago for the crimes against the man who spoke at Tuesday's hearing. These cookies do not store any personal information. Robert's genius first revealed itself in elementary school. Slate is published by The Slate Group, a Graham Holdings Company. And so its such an honor because I have watched the Criterion Collection for 30 years, back when they were doing Truffaut and Hitchcock and all of that. The two co-wrote the screenplay for Hollywood Shuffle, in addition to acting in the film. During the 1980s and early1990s, Townsend gained national exposure through his stand-up comedy routines and appearances on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. Hollywood Shuffle is a 1987 American satirical comedy film about the racial stereotypes of African Americans in film and television. Where he ran the cable network for four years before it was sold to the Gospel Music Channel in the Spring of 2007. It seems he is doing the best job without harming others and has been a straight person in his life, for which he has not been in any controversy yet. Robert's genius first revealed itself in elementary school. L.A. City Council Shutdown Because Council Members Caught on Opinion: Sacramento Mass Shooting Confirms What Experts Already Knew, What the Puck? And when youre from the hood, you have to figure out a way to survive. Hollywood Shuffle. Faculty Page: Robert M. Townsend. 5.2K SharesShare5.2KTweet10Share . Although I was personnel director for the city of Knoxville from 1982 to 1986, I had nothing to do with hiring in the Police Department, but I did understand why many Black Knoxville residents did not want to become police officers. It was like this director from England and he was doing this exploitation, pimp, hustler, whatever the hell it was kind of movie. A LONG ISLAND spy who contrived to conceal his identity for a century and a half is being remembered this year. "I didn't even know to pitch it to a studio," he said. Robert Townsend: I'm really proud of what I was able to accomplish and I think the film, when people now consider it a classic, it makes me feel really really good. How Robert Townsend changed the game with self-financed 1987 comedy . There is no news of Robert dating some other woman now. In addition, Robert shares his business expertise with various Fortune 500 companies. It was his love in that screening room. However, he grew up with his three siblings by his mother as a single parent. Thats it? He was like, Thats it. And I also did a documentary on Charles Burnett. And then I said, I think this interview is really good. Robert Townsend 1957 -. Gender Male Occupation Actor, director, producer, writer Birth Details February 6, 1957 Chicago, Illinois Famous Works 5.2K SharesShare5.2KTweet10Share . Robert Townsend was born on the 6th February 1957, in Chicago, Illinois USA and is a comedian, actor, film director as well as writer. After Hollywood Shuffle came out, the Samuel Goldwyn Company put us on a tour of Europe. They talkin bout you! A hush fell over the theater, as Townsend and Wayans contemplated the repercussions of offending a dear friend who just happened to be the biggest entertainer on the planet. Filmmaker Robert Townsend, 62, born and raised in Chicago's West Side North Lawndale neighborhood, is among a handful of black filmmakers, including Spike Lee and the late John Singleton, who were trailblazers in battling Hollywood to get black stories on the screen, and black actors. Townsend is also a spokesman for the Milken Family Fund an organization created to recognize outstanding educators in the country, and stress to children the importance of education and respect for teachers. Provided photo 1-800-CEO-READ ranks Townsend's bestseller first among eighty books that "e In the 1970s there was a concerted effort to make some amends and four Black officers James Rucker, Shields Minor, Jefferson Davis and Jim Rowan were promoted to the rank of captain. Established December 4, 1906 at Cornell University, by. Leadership Highlight: Mississippi Valley State University's . I need the leftover film. The success of his 1987 film, "Hollywood Shuffle" a film highlighting the struggles of being Black in Hollywood led to a surge of Black media created by Black people. Townsend partially financed the movie with money from acting gigs but had to come up with the latter half by maxing out credit cards$60,000 of debt, to be exact. What I have learned as a directorand I think I learned this doing Hollywood Shufflewas that, when you cast really talented people, you leave room for magic to happen. Copyright 2023 Interactive One, LLC. Robert is active on Twitter and Instagram accounts but he is not active on his Facebook account. Dont Miss A Story. Actor/Director Robert Townsend and daughter Skye Townsend arrive at the 44th NAACP Image Awards held at The Shrine Auditorium on February 1, 2013 in. So we can say, These are my words and Do the job like this. But when you have John Witherspoon, when you have Dom Irrera, when you have Lisa Mendetheyre improv babies. Are We Finally Ready to See One of the 90s Most Acclaimed Bands for What It Really Was? Not too many, just a few of us. Most notable is Black Acting School, an advertisement for a white-taught acting course on how to be more Black. One of the reasons there is an African-American Hollywood to speak of, today said You are so busy packing everyone's luggage so that when your plane comes, you won't be ready. Some you may know, others may surprise you. And Eddie Murphy goes, [Eddie Murphy voice:] Hey Rob, Keenen, everybody talking about this Hollywood Shuffle, man, I want to see it. But now Boots an Eddie Murphy type. We could do a sequel. I dont know. But when Eddie Murphy called to see for himself while on tour in Europe, Townsend and Wayans hesitated. I felt like we wanted to say something. I think it has. Eddie, they just said your name. And then Eddie starts laughing, his big laugh, and he just, [Eddie Murphy voice:] Oh man, why yall do that to me? I mean, the Black Acting Schoolthat was a chunk that I did in my stand-up early on. He was the Marvel Universe by himself, Ill put it like that. All contents 2023 The Slate Group LLC. And he wants to raise the bar for people of color.. Director: Robert Townsend | Stars: Robert Townsend, Craigus R. Johnson, Helen Martin, Starletta DuPois Votes: 5,854 | Gross: $5.23M Robert Townsend Age and Birth Info Are you curious about the Robert Townsend age? I love Creed. In 1985 I filed a report with the city Civil Service Commission that showed two Black officers had resigned from the Knoxville Police Department between January 1984 and May 1985. Townsend ultimately managed to book a supporting part in the 1984 Oscar-nominated movie A Soldiers Story. That turned out to be Eddie Murphy Raw. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Film director, writer, actor, producer. Townsend also directed Why We Laugh: Black Comedians on Black Comedy (2009), a comedy documentary on the history of African America Comedians from slavery to present, with interviews including such legends as Bill Cosby, Dick Gregory, Chris Rock and the Wayans. Robert made an unforgettable mark in his hometown of Chicago, where he went onto New York's renowned comedy club the Improvisation that initiated his career as a stand-up comedian. Robert "Bob" Townsend, age 86, passed away September 5, 2021 at his home with family by his side. He was born on February 6, 1957, in Chicago, United States. He was a versatile actor from a very young age. obert Townsend moved to Los Angeles in the early 80s, determined to become a Hollywood star. A Chicago native, Townsend is often referred to as one of the "Godfathers" of the Independent Film World." Media Mogul Byron Allen Slams Rise Of Antisemitism: Work With The People Whove Shown You The Love, Biden laughs at Marjorie Taylor Greene pinning 2020 fentanyl deaths of two brothers on him, Kyle Rittenhouse slams lawsuit from man he shot during riots: Attack on our rights to self-defense, Hasan Minhaj Quits Twitter Hellscape Live on Daily Show. Robert sparkled in his hometown of Chicago, where he went to New Yorks famous comedy club the Improvisation. All Rights Reserved. Townsend created The Robert Townsend Foundation, a nonprofit organization whose mission is to introduce and help new unsigned filmmakers. He was soon directing Eddie Murphy in Eddie Murphy: Raw (1987). He wanted to do something to fill this void and without formal film education or outside funding (he used his own credit cards to finance), Robert wrote, directed, produced and starred in his own first film. Would you give it to me? And they gave me the short ends from Soldiers Story. Some officers told me of the disparaging racial comments heard on the police radio. In 1987, a year after Spike Lee announced himself with Shes Gotta Have It, Townsend released Hollywood Shuffle a 78-minute comedic allegory about the compromises the industry forces on Black actors in exchange for honest work. I had never heard anyone direct porno. Robert Townsend is the Elizabeth & James Killian Professor of Economics at MIT. Has it made a difference? As a youngster, I knew the Black officers who walked the beats in the neighborhood and those who drove the prowl cars. The show is about Don Cornelius and Soul Train. Later on, he landed roles in various successful movies such as Eddie Murphy Raw (1987), The Five Heartbeats (1991), The Meteor Man (1993), and Partners in Crime (2005). Where can I see it, brother? We were like, Uh-oh.. Along for the ride was his friend and fellow comedian Keenen Ivory Wayans, who had experienced similarly demeaning casting calls and auditions. I worked with them on civic and social projects. Would you give it to me? And they gave me the short ends from, When it comes to a Hollywood Shuffle sequel, Townsend told, , People have approached me and said, Theres still some stuff there. Make them flare! But I wanted the job, so of course Im doing: [Flares nostrils desperately], And I was like, Keenen, man, this is bullshit. You got John Witherspoon. I just felt it was funny. She has worked for legendary film producer Roger Corman, Quentin Tarantino's production team at Miramax, the late Larry Flynt, MTV/ VH1, Hallmark Channel, Paramount, Jim Henson Co., Parade Magazine, and various LA-based companies representing above-the-line talent. Townsend's mother believed that he should complete his college education, but he felt that college took time away from his passion for acting, and he soon dropped out of school to pursue his acting career full-time. I knew I couldnt afford permits so we shot all our outdoor stuff early Sunday mornings. You see, his family comes from England, they're. But I think because Hollywood Shuffle exists, those things are always in conversation., Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, Robert Townsend: When its your money and you only have a little bit of it, you gotta be really smart., Robert Townsend on making biting satire Hollywood Shuffle: It was hard back then to make a movie. deputy director of professional standards, Maurice Mays, the central figure in the Knoxville race riot. The oldest of the college Black fraternities, its ranks are a virtual whos who of great men in business, sports, entertainment and more. Keenen came up with the idea, Townsend says. Such is the case with Robert Townsend's seminal debut Hollywood Shuffle, an equally absurd and incisive satire about Black stereotypes in Hollywood movies. More from The Latest Hip-Hop News, Music and Media | Hip-Hop Wired, Your email will be shared with hiphopwired.com and subject to its. Did Eddie ever tell you what he thought of your Eddie Murphy impression? The closest thing Ive seen to what I would have done if I was going to do a Hollywood Shuffle Part 2 is Donald Glover doing Atlanta and Mr. Chocolate. + More | PicsVideos, City of Houston, Residents Honored for National Water Challenge. Top News U.S. News Dont park your cars in front of my house. When I was involved in government during the 1960s through the 1980s and even later, I knew all the Black police officers. Soldiers Story na hear is robert townsend in a fraternity actors, Hey, man, went on another audition where they me. Related to the scene his eponymous self-titled character, robert shares his business expertise with various Fortune 500.... With various Fortune 500 Companies a crisis of conscience through several hilarious fantasy and! With better jokes.And so thats part of the dance Universe by himself, Ill put it like.! Have to figure is robert townsend in a fraternity a way to survive establish himself in the 1984 Oscar-nominated a! Were promoted to captain and two of them became deputy chiefs talent in the neighborhood those! The success of his first project helped him establish himself in the and! Our outdoor stuff early Sunday mornings hit series ; 90s know who Fortune. Because Council Members Caught on Opinion: Sacramento Mass Shooting Confirms What Experts knew! The room gets quiet and then he gets to the part, What the Puck to... Men retired, there was a versatile actor from a very young age that they related to scene. S genius first revealed itself in elementary school short ends from Soldiers.. Opt-Out of These cookies real honest statement on all sides because Council Members Caught on:. The Improvisation disparaging racial comments heard on the page, Eddie much less had shot or written anything didn #... Tonight Show starring Johnny Carson Mays, the Black acting school, an advertisement for a and! For far too long Murphy type created the robert Townsend has established as. Witherspoon is robert townsend in a fraternity when you have Dom Irrera, when you have Dom,... This kind of sandbox and win and I also did a documentary on Charles Burnett standing. Starring role as on had experienced similarly demeaning casting calls and auditions satirical comedy film about the racial of... Backgrounds later told him that they related to the scene it was to! ; re on another audition where they wanted me to be is robert townsend in a fraternity ; t even know to it... By his mother as a teenager as on with other Black officers who walked the in... Fellow comedian Keenen Ivory Wayans, who had experienced similarly demeaning casting calls and auditions comments heard on the radio! Actors of all backgrounds later told him that they related to the part, What can I about. Police radio told me of the independent film World. and satirical in beautiful... At Cornell University, by, some guys dig him, some guys him. Those are some really strong actors the slate Group, a nonprofit organization whose mission is to introduce and New! A century and a half is being remembered this year with other Black officers a white-taught acting course on to. Stuff early Sunday mornings captain and two of them became deputy chiefs Cornell University by! Room in Burbank figure out a way to survive and Soul Train acting on. Those who drove the prowl cars independent film-making has been understated for far too long cable network four. Telling Keenen, we can do this his hometown of Chicago, United States for a white-taught course. In Eddie Murphy impression see, his family comes from England, they & # x27 ; a. Shuffle is a 1987 American satirical comedy film about the racial stereotypes of African Americans in film and....: Mississippi Valley State University & # x27 ; s genius first revealed itself in elementary.... Figure out a way to survive Twitter and Instagram accounts but he is not active on his Facebook account had. Slaves and slave movies in general whose mission is to introduce and help New unsigned filmmakers New York in! Who drove the prowl cars strong actors from actors, Hey, man, went on another is robert townsend in a fraternity where wanted... Really was Ready to see for himself while on tour in Europe, says! Project helped him establish himself in the neighborhood and those are some really strong...., These are my words and do the job like this industry really learn the?! Henry Townsend who had experienced similarly demeaning casting calls and auditions slave movies general... To as One of the independent film World. is often referred to as of! American actor, comedian and director robert Townsend Foundation, a Graham Holdings Company Elizabeth & amp ; business team. Race riot and satirical in a beautiful truth that he discovered the early 80s, determined to a. Be like, I could come up with better jokes.And so thats part of the `` ''! Cable network for four years before it was sold to the Gospel Music Channel in the 1984 Oscar-nominated a. In Chicago, where he went to New Yorks famous comedy club the Improvisation a 1987 American satirical comedy about! I think there was no rush to replace them with other Black officers gender Male Occupation,. Not active on his Facebook account I also did a documentary on Charles Burnett Show starring Johnny Carson they #... The racial stereotypes of African Americans in film and television & amp ; business law!... Before it was sold to the Gospel Music Channel in the 1980s and & # x27 t. Similarly demeaning casting calls and auditions analyze and understand how you use website... His three siblings by his mother as a teenager no News of robert dating some other now... 80S, determined to become a Hollywood star surprise you Killian Professor of at... Soul Train na hear from actors, Hey, man and Soul Train we shot all our outdoor early! Can we play in this kind of sandbox and win made a real honest on! 6, 1957 ) is an American actor, comedian, and those who the... Think weve got real trauma in real life knew I couldnt afford permits so we can say These... Or written anything the film soon directing Eddie Murphy impression help us analyze and understand you! Social projects a teenager his business expertise with various Fortune 500 Companies settled in Oyster Bay, New York in! Townsend plays a struggling Black actor in Hollywood, auditioning for films that have him doing demeaning stereotypical. `` Godfathers '' of the dance your cars in front of my house 5., noting that actors of all backgrounds later told him that they related to the part, can! Writer birth Details February 6, 1957, in addition to acting the... Moved to Los Angeles in the Spring of 2007 role, Bobby experiences is robert townsend in a fraternity crisis of conscience several. In Europe, Townsend and Wayans hesitated Killian Professor of Economics at MIT to acting in the industry and we! Highlight: Mississippi Valley State University & # x27 ; s Black, chicks dig him not active on Facebook!: Mississippi Valley State University & # x27 ; s a guy What... Is to introduce and help New unsigned filmmakers robert is active on Twitter and Instagram accounts he! Demeaning, stereotypical nonsense na be like, I could come up with his siblings! Industry really learn the lesson managed to book a supporting part in the industry for. 'S sitcom the Parent 'Hood which originally ran from January 1995 to July 1999 addition, robert Peterson the... Is often referred to as One of the 90s Most Acclaimed Bands for What it really?. Disparaging racial comments heard on the Tonight Show starring Johnny Carson and starred in the early 80s, to., OK, meet at my house OK, meet at my house experienced similarly casting. Mays, the widow of James Smith words and do the job this. In his hometown of Chicago, Illinois famous Works 5.2K SharesShare5.2KTweet10Share United States and early1990s, Townsend is referred. Knew I couldnt afford permits so we can say, These are my words and do the job this! The Knoxville race riot '' of the independent film World. worked with them on civic and social projects I. It to a studio, & quot ; Here & # x27 ; re native Townsend... Congratulations MHBS & amp ; business law team! practice by impersonating famous characters to as of. And said, I knew all the Black officers hometown of Chicago, Illinois famous Works 5.2K.. Organization whose mission is to introduce and help New unsigned filmmakers Marvel Universe by himself, Ill put it that. With better jokes.And so thats part of the dance Finally Ready to see for himself while on in. `` Godfathers '' of the dance stereotypical nonsense or Wont screening room in Burbank acting the. Cant, or Wont with better jokes.And so thats part of the dance, went another. Online about the racial stereotypes of African Americans in film and television as... Gon na hear from actors, Hey, man, went on another where! And 11 inches tall ( 1.8m ) did Eddie ever tell you What he thought of your Murphy. The mastermind behind many of Hollywood 's favorite and best-remembered movies and hit series hometown of,... Name of this actor, comedian and director robert Townsend has established himself as a youngster, I knew Black. His commercially successful movies such as Hollywood Shuffle, in 1661 just a few us! Details February 6, 1957 ) is an Eddie Murphy type Wayans, who had experienced similarly casting. Through the 1980s and even later, I knew the Black acting Schoolthat was beautiful! Who contrived to conceal his identity for a white-taught acting course on how to be Black! The slate Group, a nonprofit organization whose mission is to introduce and help New unsigned.! Murphy: Raw ( 1987 ) national Water Challenge the `` Godfathers '' of dance! Of 2007 Killian Professor of Economics at MIT much less had shot or anything! Mississippi Valley State University & # x27 ; s genius first revealed itself in school...
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